In the four weeks following the 24 February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the Russian State Duma passed Articles 207.3 («false information» about the armed forces, up to 15 years), 280.3 («discrediting» the armed forces) and 280.4 (calls against state security). These articles, combined with the Soviet-era Article 275 (state treason, life imprisonment), criminalised any public contradiction of the Defence Ministry's account of the war.
The criminal cases listed below are real; they happened to ordinary Russian citizens for stickers, social-media posts, comments and a single word spoken in a council meeting. The full registry of politically motivated prosecutions is maintained by OVD-Info (ovd.info) and Memorial (memo.org), the human-rights organisation founded in 1989 to document Soviet political repression — and forcibly liquidated by a Russian court in December 2021, two months before the invasion. Both projects continue from exile.